---
title: "Final class 4.3 - Article analysis"
author: "Professor MacDonald"
date: "12/4/2025"
format:
  pdf:
    colorlinks: true
---

![](runners.jpg){fig-align="center" width=60%}

```{r setup, include=FALSE}
knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE)
```

# Instructions

Please answer the following questions regarding [this study on runners and knee pain](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S074937970800353X). You will need your VPN on to access the study online.

## Objective of the study

+ Summarize the larger issue that the article is trying to understand.

## Study protocol

+ Please describe how the data is collected, what the sample size is, the specific response variable definition, what predictor variables were measured, and a summary of the nonresponse.
+ What problems, if any, do you see with this study given the study protocol? 
+ Does the protocol provide a good test of the hypotheses? Why or why not?
+ Do you agree with how the variables are defined to match the study concepts? 

## Summary data

+ What does the summary data indicate about the hypotheses? 
+ How easy is it, in your opinion, to generalize the result of this sample to other situations and contexts?

## Inference analysis

+ What do the results of t-tests in Table 2 tell you? 
+ Are the conditions for regression met for Table 3?
+ Interpret the coefficients in Table 3 - is the magnitude of the coefficients large or small? What are the units?
+ Can you think of any lurking variables missing from these regressions?

## Discussion and conclusion

+ Do you feel the discussion and conclusion did a good job summarizing the statistical results? 
+ How serious do you think the limitations of this study are?

## Additional questions

+ What are some areas that you felt the author(s) of the study were unclear on? 
+ What connections between the results and the argument were unclear? 
+ Write around 5 additional questions you still have after doing a careful analysis of the article.